IZArc (known as IZip)

IZArc (known as IZip) is an archiving tool suports many archive formats like: 7-ZIP, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ,B64, BZ2, BH, CAB, BZA, CPIO, ENC, DEB, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MBF, MIM, PAK, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO

http://depositfiles.com/files/r9ph6nz8c

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How to Fix a Slow Running Computer

Finding your computer isn't running as though it is shiny and new? If so, then you definitely are in the right place. There are many reasons for a slow running computer, and having the proper knowledge, will definitely help you to remedy the problem.
Main Causes of a Slow Running Computer
Virus, Spyware or Malware infection
Windows Registry Problems
Severely fragments hard disk
Not enough hard drive space
The first four reasons are fairly easy to solve. To determine if you have spyware, malware or virus infection, simply scan for malware. To determine if you have a windows registry problem, then use a registry cleaner that will safely scan your computer's registry for errors, and automatically repairs them for you. If the problem is that you need more hard disk, then you can remove temporary files and unwanted programs or flies and run a disk cleanup utility. If your problem is that your hard disk is fragmented, then you will need to defragment your computer.
Other Reasons Your Computer May Be Running Slow
When you are running too many programs at once, your computer will slow down. Close some of them to determine if that is what you are experiencing.
If you are doing tasks such as watching movies, DVD burning, editing graphics, etc. these tasks may result in a slower running computer, as the demands on the computer's system is greater.
Corrupt or misbehaving programs. Files can become corrupt, and when they do, they will cause havoc on your computer.
Another cause may be that your computer does not have enough RAM. RAM stand for Random Access Memory and is your computer's memory. When you are short on RAM upgrading your PCs RAM will enhance its performance.
One major cause of a slow running computer is too many unnecessary programs which automatically load when the computer starts. By disabling these computer programs, you will improve the speed of your computer.
Also, your computer may be overheating. Check the fans to see if they are functioning properly. If for some reason, they are not, it will be necessary to replace or repair the fan unit.
The technology of a computer is a science, and it is proper to have the proper information. Learning how to prevent, and diagnose a slow computer is not something that takes a rocket scientist. There are easy to learn computer fixes that will help you to get your computer in prime running condition, once again, and save you the expense of a computer technician to troubleshoot and repair the problem.
Also, you should always practice maintenance with your computer. This means giving your computer regular tune ups. PC Tune up software is one of the easiest ways to fix endless computer problems and keep your PC in top running shape. By taking the necessary preventative measures, you will keep your computer in top running speed and have fewer problems as the software will help to eliminate the many problems associated with the operation of a computer.

Get all the answers you need on how to fix a slow running computer at www.howtomakecomputerfaster.net.

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A Face-Saver For The iPhone Police

Apple's newest iPhone, the 4S, has been on the market for a few weeks, but the saga surrounding the leak of a prototype of the previous-generation iPhone 4 is only now coming to a close.
Brian Hogan and Sage Wallower pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of theft of lost property for selling a phone that an Apple tester accidentally left in a bar. The two men, both in their 20s and with no previous criminal records, each received a year of probation and 40 hours of community service. They were also ordered to pay Apple restitution of $250.
According to technology blog Gizmodo.com, it all started when Apple engineer Gray Powell headed out to celebrate his 27th birthday at a German beer garden. Powell accidentally left his phone at the bar. A forgotten phone isn't usually a newsworthy event - unless, of course, the phone involved is a top-secret design produced by one of the world's most notoriously close-mouthed technology companies, cleverly disguised as a run-of-the-mill older model. Which is exactly what Powell's phone was. (1)
Hogan, who was also at the beer garden that night, took the phone home, not realizing its true importance. He intended to return it the next day. Once he discovered what he had, he tried to contact Apple. His calls were ignored. Next, he and Wallower checked to see if perhaps a technology media outlet might take their story more seriously. Gizmodo, which is owned by Gawker Media LLC, listened. It offered $5,000 for the device. The site proceeded to post photos and conjectures about the new phone. Its software had been remotely disabled, but that didn't stop the enterprising editors from examining the hardware. Gizmodo says that when it was asked to return the phone, it immediately arranged to do so.
Apple, however, may not have been satisfied with just getting its phone back. The company, which keeps most of its prototypes bolted to desks in its super-secured campus, was not happy about photos of its upcoming product being splayed all over the Internet. Much of that displeasure was likely directed at Jason Chen, a Gizmodo editor who reported on the dissected phone's innards.
California's Rapid Enforcement Allied Computer Team (REACT) - Silicon Valley's high-tech police - raided Chen's home on the authority of a search warrant issued by San Mateo County Superior Court Judge Clifford V. Cretan. Officers left with a pile of computers and hard drives; Chen was left with a broken door.
Like others at the time, I believed the search to be illegal. While others invoked California's shield laws, which offer special protections for journalists, I saw no reason why anyone, journalist or not, should have been subject to a search when the evidence that any crime had actually been committed was minimal at best.
Eventually, the search warrant was withdrawn, which is a pretty good indication that it should not have been issued in the first place, and Chen's property was returned. Conveniently for Apple, however, Chen didn't get his computers and other research materials back until after the iPhone 4 was safely on the market.
Neither the men who sold the phone nor the journalist did anything obviously wrong in this case. Apple apologists (and government lawyers defending any lawsuits by Chen and Gizmodo, who were never charged) will claim the misdemeanor guilty pleas as evidence that justice, as well as beer, is served in Silicon Valley. If you believe this, I have an old IBM PCjr to sell you that will work just great as a server for your website.
Hogan and Wallower faced a pretty easy choice: They could take a slap on the wrist and get on with their lives, or they could run up a fortune in legal fees (which not every 20-something in Silicon Valley can afford) and risk felony convictions that would ruin their prospects for security clearances and job opportunities. Don't confuse justice with expediency.
REACT needs reform, and the San Mateo County bench could do with a little review on the legal and ethical hazards of being a hometown judge.
There were concerns about REACT long before the iPhone incident. The task force's website states that the organization "depends on our industry partners," who provide know-how and other support. After the iPhone raid, Nick Muyo, the public information officer of the Santa Clara County district attorney's office, told the Los Angeles Times that technology companies, including Apple, "have open invitations" to attend meetings of REACT's steering committee, and that many companies send representatives. (2)
Letting law enforcement get too cozy with private industry can lead to an erosion of professional judgment. Someone needed to tell Apple that interference with the choreography of its product rollouts is not a crime, and that journalists' homes and hard drives are not reference libraries.
Of course, there is another important lesson in this story: Don't take corporate secrets into a bar. According to some reports about a missing iPhone 4S in August, Apple may not have learned that one.
This time, however, no search warrants were issued. Apple's latest gizmo is nevertheless selling quite well.

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Can Androids and Human Be Friends?

Is there any other choice?

Today's androids are showing up more human-appearing. They're constructed with new age materials, with artificial intelligence, using faster and more powerful computers. They're, all around, more talented and capable robots, embedded with new technologies. But where do you draw the line dividing the use of 'droids in life and in the workplace, from skilled human workers? So called unskilled workers for that matter. Already we're hearing warnings like: "Don't eat food prepared by a 'droid who can't taste it."

Could we reach a computer runaway, where androids take over, driving humans from all levels of society, including the rich and powerful, to the homeless, and everyone in the middle? Would this be good for humankind? Obviously not.

What if the androids did all the work, and the people all lived like kings from their labors? Would this be better? Initially maybe. But what if the 'droids took an unusual turn, due to the law of unexpected consequences? Maybe because of a mistake in their programming or contradiction in their perceived mandate. Maybe because over-population isn't good for us. How would this all turn out? Uncertain and real scary. Maybe it would end up in the first case anyway: an android takeover. Say you could live like a king if you spent all your waking moments trying to jump through impossible hoops; no joy there. Or maybe your 'droid servants would come to the conclusion ecotopia was best for you, and we'd all be living in the woods and as hunter-gatherers. Still having the title of king, of course. Not so good for the majority-a few would probably think it was great. They could live an idyllic life, unencumbered by technology intrusions: no phone calls, no utility bills, no computer problems, and no television - gulp.

In either case 'droids would be ascendant and humans would be in a bad way, even a threatened species. All 7 billion of us. The point is: Would the downfall of humanity be good for the androids? Not really. Why? Because it's unlikely that 'droids could make significant progress without that spark of human intelligence making it happen. Hopefully the androids would know this before things got too bad for humans. Or better, far-sighted human developers and programmers would instill this into androids in the first place. A lot of thought and adjustments would have to be made along the way. Obviously androids would have to live like humans: working jobs (or jobless) saving money, buying homes (or living with the homeless), paying utility bills, seeing professionals, and even doing travel and taking vacations.

Copyright: Stanley Gerson, 2011

The new book iSly, is a fresh look at real androids, fitted to live and work in society. eSly is an environmental and economic saving android race. But it all goes wrong when iSly spontaneously shifts out from eSly, starts to replicate himself, and goes on his own, sinister mission. World leaders are horrified. A resurgent Joseph Dane is on the case, with Bluegrass, his colorful sidekick, and TatarKhan, Hypernet Master. They pursue a dangerous, last ditch effort to find the cause of this 'droid disaster, and to help a chastened humanity find a new future.
Why not have a look at iSly, the new book by Stanley Gerson. Just click on this link: http://www.islydroids.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6657808

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The Basics of CISCO Password Management

Cisco is a system that many people take months or even years to fully learn. Thus, many people that are using this often feel as though they have to call in a professional for everything that they may need. However, when it comes to Cisco password the person is going to find that they can change this and make it better for their security, even if they are not the most computer savvy person that is out there.
First things first, the Cisco password is by default one that is going to use an Enable password, which is not helping to protect your router at all and is something that anyone with a little bit of knowledge can break into. Which is why, for security purposes, the person should be sure that they are changing this to an Enable Secret password.
To do this, the person must go into the Privileged Exec mode, which is going to allow them to have access to change the password. They are going to need a series of commands in order to do this, and this is something that they can find through various sources, such as forums and books. Once you think that you have this complete, try it out to make sure that it has taken.
The main question that most people have is how they would go about getting the password to work should they forget it or they were not the ones to program this in the first place. When this happens, first off, the person should not panic. The Cisco system was designed for a way to get around this, so it is possible to do this.
The person will want to get into ROM monitor mode which means that they will have to connect to the router through the actual port instead of wireless. Once they have done this the mode that they enter is basically the go to mode for when passwords are lost or are forgotten.
The rest of the procedure is completed according to what type of route that you have working for you. Thus, the person must consult the Cisco website to find distinct and clear instructions for their particular router. Using the wrong instructions will only lengthen the time it takes to get the router up and running again.
In most cases, once the person changes anything that is security like, including the passwords, they are going to find it best to restart the router in order to ensure that everything takes and the new security field is up and running. If they do not do this, they may find that they are putting their network at risk without taking these precautions.

Overall, changing the password to ensure the most security for your router is something that all Cisco users should do. They are going to find that this is rather simple and if they are ever in need of help there are many sources at their disposal such as http://www.firewall.cx which can be a huge source of information pertaining to Cisco.
Need more information on Cisco password management? Then visit Firewall.cx, a globally recognized site covering networking topics, protocol analysis, Cisco routing, switching, security and VoIP technologies.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/6666933

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Discrete mathematics

Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic^[1] – do not vary smoothly in this way, but have distinct, separated values.^[2] Discrete mathematics therefore excludes topics in "continuous mathematics" such as calculus and analysis. Discrete objects can often be enumerated by integers. More formally, discrete mathematics has been characterized as the branch of mathematics dealing with countable sets^[3] (sets that have the same cardinality as subsets of the natural numbers, including rational numbers but not real numbers). However, there is no exact, universally agreed, definition of the term "discrete mathematics."^[4] Indeed, discrete mathematics is described less by what is included than by what is excluded: continuously varying quantities and related notions.

The set of objects studied in discrete mathematics can be finite or infinite. The term finite mathematics is sometimes applied to parts of the field of discrete mathematics that deals with finite sets, particularly those areas relevant to business.

Research in discrete mathematics increased in the latter half of the twentieth century partly due to the development of digital computers which operate in discrete steps and store data in discrete bits. Concepts and notations from discrete mathematics are useful in studying and describing objects and problems in branches of computer science, such as computer algorithms, programming languages, cryptography, automated theorem proving, and software development. Conversely, computer implementations are significant in applying ideas from discrete mathematics to real-world problems, such as in operations research.

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Number theory

 

Number theory

 

Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers. Number theorists study prime numbers (the building blocks of integers) as well as the properties of objects made out of integers (such as rational numbers) or defined as generalizations of the integers (such as, for example, algebraic integers).

Integers can be considered either in themselves or as solutions to equations (diophantine geometry). Questions in number theory are often best understood through the study of analytical objects (e.g., the Riemann zeta function) that encode properties of the integers, primes or other number-theoretic objects in some fashion (analytic number theory). One may also study real numbers in relation to rational numbers, e.g., as approximated by the latter (diophantine approximation).

The older term for number theory is arithmetic; by the early twentieth century,^[1] it had been superseded by "number theory". (The word "arithmetic" is used by the general public to mean "elementary calculations"; it has also acquired other meanings in mathematical logic, as in Peano arithmetic, and computer science, as in floating point arithmetic.) The use of the term arithmetic for number theory regained some ground in the second half of the 20th century, arguably in part due to French influence.^[2] In particular, arithmetical is preferred as an adjective to number-theoretic

Algebraic number theory

 

 

Algebraic number theory studies algebraic properties and algebraic objects of interest in number theory. (Thus, analytic and algebraic number theory can and do overlap: the former is defined by its methods, the latter by its objects of study.) A key topic is that of the algebraic numbers, which are generalizations of the rational numbers. Briefly, an algebraic number is any complex number that is a solution to some polynomial equation with rational coefficients; for example, every solution x of (say) is an algebraic number. Fields of algebraic numbers are also called algebraic number fields.

It could be argued that the simplest kind of number fields (viz., quadratic fields) were already studied by Gauss, as the discussion of quadratic forms in Disquisitiones arithmeticae can be restated in terms of ideals and norms in quadratic fields. (A quadratic field consists of all numbers of the form , where a and b are rational numbers and d is a fixed rational number whose square root is not rational.) For that matter, the 11th-century chakravala method amounts—in modern terms—to an algorithm for finding the units of a real quadratic number field. However, neither Bhāskara nor Gauss knew of number fields as such.

The grounds of the subject as we know it were set in the late nineteenth century, when ideal numbers, the theory of ideals and valuation theory were developed; these are three complementary ways of dealing with the lack of unique factorisation in algebraic number fields. (For example, in the field generated by the rationals and , the number 6 can be factorised both as and ; all of 2, 3, and are irreducible, and thus, in a naïve sense, analogous to primes among the integers.) The initial impetus for the development of ideal numbers (by Kummer) seems to have come from the study of higher reciprocity laws,^[12] i.e., generalisations of quadratic reciprocity.

Number fields are often studied as extensions of smaller number fields: a field L is said to be an extension of a field K if L contains K. (For example, the complex numbers C are an extension of the reals R, and the reals R are an extension of the rationals Q.) Classifying the possible extensions of a given number field is a difficult and partially open problem. Abelian extensions—that is, extensions L of K such that the Galois group^[13] Gal(L/K) of L over K is an abelian group—are relatively well understood. Their classification was the object of the programme of class field theory, which was initiated in the late 19th century (partly by Kronecker and Eisenstein) and carried out largely in 1900—1950.

An example of an active area of research in algebraic number theory is Iwasawa theory. The Langlands program, one of the main current large-scale research plans in mathematics, is sometimes described as an attempt to generalise class field theory to non-abelian extensions of number field

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what is Technology

Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes from Greek τεχνολογία (technología); from τέχνη (téchnē), meaning "art, skill, craft", and -λογία (-logía), meaning "study of-".^[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology.

Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The human species' use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapons of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advanced economies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Various implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. Examples include the rise of the notion of efficiency in terms of human productivity, a term originally applied only to machines, and the challenge of traditional norms.

Philosophical debates have arisen over the present and future use of technology in society, with disagreements over whether technology improves the human condition or worsens it. Neo-Luddism, anarcho-primitivism, and similar movements criticise the pervasiveness of technology in the modern world, opining that it harms the environment and alienates people; proponents of ideologies such as transhumanism and techno-progressivism view continued technological progress as beneficial to society and the human condition. Indeed, until recently, it was believed that the development of technology was restricted only to human beings, but recent scientific studies indicate that other primates and certain dolphin communities have developed simple tools and learned to pass their knowledge to other generations

source: wikipedia

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